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Phases
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In the closing days of World War II, Korea found itself at the mercy of the global superpowers. After 35 years of Japanese colonial rule, the Korean Peninsula was liberated in 1945, but independence was short-lived. The United States and the Soviet Union, emerging as rival victors, pided Korea at the 38th parallel, intending to establish a unified government. However, Cold War tensions escalated, and by 1948, two separate states had emerged: North Korea, under the Soviet-backed Kim Il Sung, and South Korea, under the American-supported Syngman Rhee. Both leaders claimed the entire peninsula, leading to violent border clashes and internal unrest.
On June 25, 1950, North Korea launched a full-scale invasion of the South. The Korean People's Army (KPA), armed and trained by the Soviets, quickly overwhelmed South Korean forces and captured Seoul within days. The United Nations Security Council, in the absence of a Soviet veto, condemned the invasion and authorized military intervention. The United States, providing the bulk of the UN forces, rushed to South Korea's aid. By August, South Korean and UN forces were cornered in the southeastern Pusan Perimeter, on the brink of defeat.
Then came a dramatic reversal. On September 15, 1950, General Douglas MacArthur orchestrated a bold amphibious landing at Inchon, cutting off North Korean supply lines. Within weeks, UN forces pushed north, recapturing Seoul and advancing into North Korea. By October, Pyongyang fell, and troops reached the Yalu River, the border with China. But this rapid success triggered an unexpected response-China entered the war. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) launched massive offensives, driving UN forces back and recapturing Seoul in early 1951. In March, another UN counteroffensive regained control of Seoul, and the frontlines stabilized near the 38th parallel.
What followed was a brutal stalemate. Armistice talks began in July 1951 but dragged on for two years as both sides dug in. The U.S. launched an intense bombing campaign, devastating North Korea's infrastructure. Meanwhile, battles of attrition, such as those at Heartbreak Ridge and Pork Chop Hill, defined the latter years of the war. Both sides suffered immense casualties, with civilians bearing the heaviest toll.
Finally, on July 27, 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed, establishing the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and exchanging prisoners of war. However, no peace treaty followed, leaving the Korean Peninsula in a state of unresolved conflict. The war left deep scars-North Korea became one of the most heavily bombed countries in history, and millions of civilians perished. To this day, the DMZ remains one of the most fortified borders in the world, a stark reminder that the Korean War never truly ended.
Phases
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Land
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The Battle of Chuncheon commenced on 25 June 1950, as North Korean forces launched a coordinated offensive against South Korean positions in the city of Chuncheon, located in Gangwon Province. The North Korean People's Army (KPA), comprising approximately 120,000 troops, aimed to capture the city...
North Korean
The Battle of Gorangpo occurred during the early stages of the Korean War, beginning on 25 June 1950. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) forces, led by Brigadier General Choe Kwang, included the 1st Infantry Division, which comprised three regiments: the 1st Infantry Regiment under ...
North Korean
From 25 June to 20 July 1950, the Air Battle of South Korea unfolded as a critical air campaign during the Korean War, involving the North Korean People's Air Force (KPAF) and the United Nations air forces, primarily from the United States, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. Following the North...
United Nations
The Battle of Ongjin Peninsula took place from 25 to 26 June 1950, marking an early engagement in the Korean War. On 25 June, the Korean People's Army (KPA) 3rd 38-Guard Brigade, under Brigadier General Choe Hyon, launched a surprise attack against the Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) 17th Infantry ...
North Korean
On 25 June 1950, the Korean People's Army (KPA) initiated an invasion of South Korea by crossing the 38th parallel, employing a blitzkrieg strategy that included T-34 tanks and artillery support. The Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) was ill-equipped to counter this assault, lacking anti-tank weapons...
North Korean
The Battle of Uijeongbu occurred from 25 to 26 June 1950 during the North Korean invasion of South Korea. The North Korean People's Army (KPA), consisting of the 3rd and 4th Infantry Divisions under the command of General Lee Kwon-mu, aimed to advance through three strategic lines, with Uijeongbu...
North Korean
The Battle of Korea Strait occurred on 25 June 1950, marking one of the first naval engagements of the Korean War. On that day, a North Korean troop transport, a 1,000-ton steamer armed with machine guns and carrying approximately 600 soldiers from the 766th Independent Infantry Regiment, attempt...
United Nations
The Battle of Kaesong–Munsan–Bongilcheon took place from 25 to 28 June 1950, along the western region of the 38th parallel, marking an early engagement in the Korean War. On 25 June, the Korean People's Army (KPA) launched a coordinated offensive involving the 1st and 6th Infantry Divisions, supp...
North Korean
The Battle of Suwon Airfield, the first aerial engagement of the Korean War, took place on 27 June 1950, primarily over Kimpo and Suwon Airfields. On that day, a flight of five F-82 Twin Mustangs from the 68th Fighter Squadron and 339th Fighter Squadron, led by Major James W. Little, was escortin...
United Nations
Following the North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950, the United Nations Command initiated a comprehensive bombing campaign against North Korea that continued until the conclusion of the Korean War in July 1953. The campaign, which marked the first significant bombing operation for the...
United Nations
On 2 July 1950, during the Korean War, a naval engagement occurred off the coast of the Sea of Japan involving Allied forces and the Korean People's Navy. The United States Navy's USS Juneau, along with the British Royal Navy's HMS Black Swan and HMS Jamaica, encountered a North Korean supply fle...
United Nations
On July 5, 1950, the Battle of Osan marked the first significant engagement between United States forces and the North Korean Army during the Korean War. Task Force Smith, comprising 540 personnel from the 1st Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment, and A Battery, 52nd Field Artillery Battalion, was d...
North Korean
The Battle of Pyongtaek took place on July 6, 1950, in the village of Pyongtaek, South Korea, marking the second engagement between United States and North Korean forces during the Korean War. The United States Army's 34th Infantry Regiment, part of the 24th Infantry Division, was tasked with del...
North Korean
The Battle of Chonan took place on the night of July 7 and into the morning of July 8, 1950, in the town of Chonan, South Korea, marking the third engagement between United States and North Korean forces during the Korean War. The U.S. Army's 34th Infantry Regiment, part of the 24th Infantry Divi...
North Korean
The Battle of Chochiwon occurred from July 10 to July 12, 1950, in the villages of Jeonui-myeon and Chochiwon, South Korea, marking an early engagement in the Korean War between United States and North Korean forces. The U.S. Army's 21st Infantry Regiment, part of the 24th Infantry Division, was ...
North Korean
The Battle of Taejon occurred from 16 to 20 July 1950, involving U.S. forces from the 24th Infantry Division and the North Korean People's Army (KPA). The 24th Infantry Division, which had been significantly weakened by previous engagements, attempted to defend the city of Taejon, a critical tran...
North Korean
On 16 July 1950, during the North Korean offensive of the Korean War, the United States Air Force conducted a bombing raid on Yongsan, Seoul, involving approximately 50 B-29 bombers from the U.S. Fifth Air Force. The primary objective of the operation was to target the switch yard and arsenal loc...
United Nations
The Battle of Sangju took place from July 20 to July 31, 1950, in the village of Sangju, South Korea, involving United Nations forces, primarily the United States Army's 25th Infantry Division, and North Korean troops from the Korean People's Army (KPA). The battle commenced when the 25th Infantr...
North Korean
The Battle of Yongdong took place from July 22 to July 25, 1950, in the village of Yongdong, South Korea, involving the United States Army's 1st Cavalry Division and the North Korean People's Army (KPA) 3rd Division. The 1st Cavalry Division, recently arrived from Japan, was tasked with covering ...
North Korean
The Battle of Hwanggan occurred from July 23 to July 29, 1950, as United States forces engaged the North Korean People's Army (KPA) near the village of Hwanggan in southern South Korea. The U.S. 27th Infantry Regiment, part of the 25th Infantry Division, was tasked with blocking the advance of th...
North Korean
The Hadong Ambush occurred on July 27, 1950, in the village of Hadong, South Korea, involving the United States Army's 3rd Battalion, 29th Infantry Regiment, and North Korean forces from the KPA 6th Division. The battalion, consisting of approximately 925 inexperienced soldiers, was ordered to se...
North Korean
In late July 1950, the Battle of Andong unfolded as North Korean and South Korean forces clashed during the Korean War. The Korean People's Army (KPA) 12th Infantry Division aimed to advance through Andong en route to Pusan, facing resistance from the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) 8th Division and...
United Nations
The Battle of the Notch occurred on August 2, 1950, as United States and North Korean forces clashed in southern South Korea. The engagement involved the 19th Infantry Regiment of the 24th Infantry Division, which was tasked with defending a critical pass known as 'The Notch' near Masan. Followin...
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