The Battle of Sybota occurred in 433 BCE between the naval forces of Corcyra and Corinth, marking a significant escalation in tensions leading to the Peloponnesian War. Corcyra, a former colony of Corinth, sought independence and allied with Athens, which sent ten ships to bolster Corcyra's fleet...

The Battle of Potidaea occurred in 432 BCE between Athens and a coalition of forces from Corinth and Potidaea, alongside their allies. Athens dispatched a fleet of 30 ships and 1,000 hoplites, commanded by Archestratus, to Potidaea, which had revolted after Athenian demands to dismantle part of i...

The siege of Plataea occurred from 429 to 427 BCE during the Peloponnesian War. The conflict began when a contingent of 300 Thebans, led by two generals, infiltrated Plataea under the cover of darkness, hoping to capture the city and eliminate its democratic leaders. However, the Plataeans, reali...

The Battle of Spartolos occurred in 429 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces led by Xenophon, who commanded 2,000 hoplites and 200 cavalry. The Athenians aimed to suppress the ongoing rebellion in Chalcidice following the fall of Potidaea. Upon reaching Spartolos, they deva...

The Battle of Naupactus occurred in 429 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving an Athenian fleet of twenty ships commanded by Phormio and a Peloponnesian fleet of seventy-seven ships led by Cnemus. Following an Athenian victory at Rhium, the Peloponnesians sought to draw the Athenians out fr...

The Battle of Rhium occurred in the summer of 429 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving an Athenian fleet led by Phormio and a Peloponnesian fleet comprising 47 triremes from various states, including commanders Machaon, Isocrates, and Agatharchidas. The Peloponnesians aimed to cross the Gu...

In 428 BCE, the city of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos initiated a revolt against the Athenian Empire, seeking to unify the island under its control. The Mytilenean government, in collaboration with Sparta and Boeotia, fortified the city and prepared for war. However, their plans were compromis...

The Battle of Tanagra occurred in 426 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces against a coalition of Tanagran and Theban troops. Following an unsuccessful campaign against the island of Melos, where Athens deployed a fleet of 60 ships and 2,000 hoplites under the command of Ni...

The Battle of Idomene occurred in 426 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces and the Ambracians, who were allied with the Spartans. The Ambracians had dispatched a relief force to support an earlier army that had invaded Amphilochia, unaware that this initial contingent had b...

The Battle of Olpae occurred in 426 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces led by General Demosthenes and a Spartan contingent commanded by Eurylochus. The conflict began when 3,000 hoplites from Ambracia invaded Amphilochian Argos and occupied the fort at Olpae. In response ...

The naval Battle of Pylos occurred in 425 BCE during the Peloponnesian War at the peninsula of Pylos, located in present-day Messenia. An Athenian fleet, initially commanded by Eurymedon and Sophocles, was driven ashore by a storm, leading Demosthenes, an advisor aboard the fleet, to fortify the ...

The Battle of Sphacteria occurred in 425 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces led by Cleon and Demosthenes against a contingent of Spartans stranded on the island of Sphacteria. Following the Battle of Pylos, over 400 Spartan soldiers found themselves isolated on the island...

The Battle of Megara occurred in 424 BCE between Athenian forces and the Peloponnesian garrison in Megara, an ally of Sparta. The Athenian contingent, numbering approximately 10,000 troops, initially achieved success against the garrison, which was under the command of the Spartan general Brasida...

The Battle of Delium occurred in 424 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving Athenian forces led by generals Demosthenes and Hippocrates against the Boeotians, allies of the Spartans. Hippocrates arrived in Boeotia with approximately 7,000 hoplites, 1,000 cavalry, and 10,000 Metics, fortifyin...

The Battle of Lyncestis occurred in 423 BCE, involving the allied forces of the Lyncestians and Illyrians against the Spartans and Macedonians led by Brasidas and Perdiccas II. The Spartan expedition aimed to support Perdiccas in his conflict against Arrhabaeus, the king of Lyncestis. The combine...

The Battle of Amphipolis occurred in 422 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, marking a significant confrontation between Athenian and Spartan forces. Following the capture of Amphipolis by Spartan general Brasidas in 424 BCE, the Athenian general Cleon sought to reclaim the city. Cleon arrived in T...

The first Battle of Mantinea occurred in September 418 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, where Spartan forces, led by King Agis II, engaged an allied army composed of Argives, Athenians, and other city-states. The Spartan army numbered approximately 9,000, including around 3,600 Spartans, 2,000 B...

The second Battle of Hysiae occurred in 417 BCE, involving the armies of Argos and Sparta during the Peloponnesian War. Following the Spartan victory at the Battle of Mantinea in 418 BCE, Spartan King Agis II led an invasion into Argive territory after a pro-Spartan faction in Argos was ousted by...

The Battle of Orneae occurred in the winter of 417 BCE, involving a Spartan garrison stationed in the city of Orneae following their victory at the Battle of Hysiae. After the Spartans captured and fortified Orneae, they settled exiles from Argos within its walls and left a strong garrison to con...

The siege of Melos took place in the summer of 416 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving an Athenian force of at least 3,400 troops, which included 1,600 heavy infantry, 300 archers, and 20 mounted archers from Athens, along with 1,500 heavy infantry from other Delian League cities. The Ath...

The Siege of Syracuse, part of the Sicilian Expedition during the Peloponnesian War, unfolded from 415 to 413 BCE, involving Athenian forces against Syracuse, supported by Sparta and Corinth. The Athenian fleet, initially comprising 134 triremes and approximately 5,100 hoplites, landed near Syrac...

The naval Battle of Eretria occurred in September 411 BCE off the coast of Euboea, involving a confrontation between the Spartan and Athenian fleets. In the spring of the same year, Eretria had expelled Athenian forces from Oropos with assistance from the Boeotians, prompting the Eretrians to see...

The Battle of Abydos occurred on 2 September 411 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving a confrontation between the Athenian fleet, commanded by Thrasybulus, and the Spartan fleet under Mindarus. The Spartans, numbering 97 ships, sought to rescue a smaller allied fleet led by Dorieus, which ...

The naval Battle of Cynossema occurred in 411 BCE during the Second Peloponnesian War, involving an Athenian fleet of 76 ships commanded by Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus against a Spartan fleet of 86 ships led by Mindarus. The battle unfolded in the Hellespont, a critical trade route for Athens, aft...

The Battle of Syme occurred in 411 BCE between the naval forces of Sparta and Athens in the southeastern Aegean Sea, near the island of Syme. The Spartans, having formed an alliance with Persia, were led by Astyochus, who had taken command of the Spartan fleet after Therimenes facilitated the all...

The Battle of Cyzicus occurred in May or June 410 BCE during the Peloponnesian War, involving an Athenian fleet led by generals Alcibiades, Thrasybulus, and Theramenes against a Spartan fleet commanded by Mindarus. The Athenian forces, numbering approximately 86 triremes, had regrouped after prev...

The Battle of Mytilene occurred in 406 BCE between the Athenian and Spartan fleets during the Peloponnesian War. Following the Battle of Notium, Spartan commander Callicratidas assumed control of the Peloponnesian fleet, previously led by Lysander. He initiated a campaign against the Athenian nav...

The Battle of Arginusae occurred in 406 BCE near the Arginusae Islands, east of Lesbos, during the Peloponnesian War. The Athenian fleet, commanded by eight strategoi, faced a Spartan fleet led by Callicratidas. The Athenians, numbering approximately 150 triremes, were largely composed of newly c...

The Battle of Notium, fought in 406 BCE, marked a significant naval engagement during the Peloponnesian War, resulting in a Spartan victory. The Athenian fleet, initially commanded by Alcibiades, was left under the control of his helmsman, Antiochus, while Alcibiades himself sailed north to assis...

The Battle of Aegospotami occurred in 405 BCE and marked the final major naval engagement of the Peloponnesian War. The Spartan fleet, commanded by Lysander, decisively defeated the Athenian navy, which was under the command of General Philocles. The Athenian fleet, consisting of approximately 18...